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The primary function of the pinealocytes is the secretion of the hormone melatonin, important in the regulation of circadian rhythms. [1] In humans, the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus communicates the message of darkness to the pinealocytes, and as a result, controls the day and night cycle. [2]
The pinealocytes can be stained by special silver impregnation methods. Their cytoplasm is lightly basophilic. With special stains, pinealocytes exhibit lengthy, branched cytoplasmic processes that extend to the connective septa and its blood vessels. Interstitial cells: Interstitial cells are located between the pinealocytes.
In the pinealocyte cells of the pineal gland, aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase is involved in the conversion of serotonin to melatonin.It is the penultimate enzyme in the melatonin synthesis controlling the night/day rhythm in melatonin production in the vertebrate pineal gland.
The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 grams (0.018 oz) in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity (sella turcica) covered by a dural fold (diaphragma sellae).
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In the pineal gland of the clawed frog Xenopus, Bsx is expressed following the circadian rhythm and controls photoreceptor cell differentiation. [5] In zebrafish Bsx is required for normal development of all cell types within the pineal gland, including melatonin-releasing pinealocytes, photoreceptor cells and leftwards migrating parapineal cells, [6] which in zebrafish are crucial for the ...
21990 Ensembl ENSG00000129167 ENSMUSG00000040046 UniProt P17752 P17532 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004179 NM_001136084 NM_001276372 NM_009414 RefSeq (protein) NP_004170 NP_001129556 NP_001263301 NP_033440 Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 18.02 – 18.05 Mb Chr 7: 46.29 – 46.32 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) is an isoenzyme of tryptophan hydroxylase ...
Insects play a large role in what is known about neurosecretion. In simpler organisms neurosecretion mechanisms regulate the heart, the process of metamorphosis, and directly influences the development of the gonadal function. In more advanced organisms the gonadal function is manipulated by the intermediary endocrine processes. [5]