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A statement, however taken or recorded, or a transcription of it, made by the witness to a grand jury. [12] If the government does not deliver a witness's Jencks statement to the defendant, the court may strike the witness's testimony or declare a mistrial. [13] The Jencks Act has been characterized as intending to assure defendants of their ...
the witness is subject to cross-examination about the prior statement. [4] There is no requirement that the prior consistent statement have been made under oath at a prior trial or hearing. A form of prior consistent statement excepted from this rule is that of prior identification by the witness of another person in a lineup. [citation needed]
The UCMJ specifies several different levels of formality with which infractions can be dealt. The most serious is a general court-martial. An article 32 hearing is required before a defendant can be referred to a general court-martial, in order to determine whether there is enough evidence to merit a general court-martial.
The rule excluding hearsay arises from a concern regarding the statement's reliability. Courts have four principal concerns with the reliability of witness statements: the witness may be lying (sincerity risk), the witness may have misunderstood the situation (narration risk), the witness's memory may be wrong (memory risk), and the witness's perception was inaccurate (perception risk). [8]
A United States military "jury" (or "members", in military parlance) serves a function similar to an American civilian jury, but with several notable differences.Only a general court-martial (which may impose any sentences, from dishonorable discharge to death [1]) or special court-martial (which can impose sentences of up to one year of confinement and bad-conduct discharge [2]) includes members.
Sworn testimony is evidence given by a witness who has made a commitment to tell the truth. If the witness is later found to have lied whilst bound by the commitment, they can often be charged with the crime of perjury. The types of commitment can include oaths, affirmations and promises which are explained in more detail below.
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