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Encephalitis lethargica is an atypical form of encephalitis.Also known as "sleeping sickness" or "sleepy sickness" (distinct from tsetse fly–transmitted sleeping sickness), it was first described in 1917 by neurologist Constantin von Economo [2] [3] and pathologist Jean-René Cruchet. [4]
The number of cases of encephalitis has not changed much over time, with about 250,000 cases a year from 2005 to 2015 in the US. Approximately seven per 100,000 people were hospitalized for encephalitis in the US during this time. [34] In 2015, encephalitis was estimated to have affected 4.3 million people and resulted in 150,000 deaths worldwide.
1919–1930 encephalitis lethargica epidemic: 1919–1930 Worldwide Encephalitis lethargica: 500,000 [191] [192] [193] 1924 Los Angeles pneumonic plague outbreak: 1924 Los Angeles, United States Pneumonic plague: 30 [194] 1924–1925 Minnesota smallpox epidemic: 1924–1925 Minnesota, United States Smallpox: 500 [195] 1927 Montreal typhoid ...
The person died in Ulster County after being infected with the EEE virus that spreads from horses to humans via mosquito bites.
Encephalitis lethargica is a neurological syndrome that causes lethargy, a “mask like” face, excessive blood in the meninges, and other general neurological symptoms. [5] Officially recognized as its own condition in 1917, it is believed to have existed far longer in human history. [ 5 ]
The latter two have appeared in epidemic form in the United States and are characterized by high fever, prolonged coma (which is responsible for the disease being known as a "sleeping sickness"), and convulsions sometimes followed by death. Encephalitis that results as a complication of another systemic infection is known as parainfectious ...
Its most recent outbreak began in 2019, with 12 cases ending in six deaths. Continuing into 2020 — the last year the state saw EEE — there were five more cases, one ending in death.
Historically, starting in 1917 an epidemic of encephalitis lethargica, also called von Economo's encephalitis or "sleepy-disease" occurred, possibly related to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic; however, even with the use of modern molecular diagnostic tests on appropriate corpses, no firm link between encephalitis lethargica and influenza has been ...