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Where two ISO 639-2 codes are given in the table, the one with the asterisk is the bibliographic code (B code) and the other is the terminological code (T code). Entries in the Scope column distinguish: individual language; collections of languages connected, for example genetically or by region; macrolanguages. The Type column distinguishes:
Each language is assigned a two-letter (set 1) and three-letter lowercase abbreviation (sets 2–5). [2] Part 1 of the standard, ISO 639-1 defines the two-letter codes, and Part 3 (2007), ISO 639-3 , defines the three-letter codes, aiming to cover all known natural languages , largely superseding the ISO 639-2 three-letter code standard.
Other uses of letters include abbreviations of spellings of words. Here are some examples: E: 良い /いい (ii; the word for "good" in Japanese). The letter appears in the name of the company e-homes. J: The first letter of "Japan" (日本) as in J1 League, J-Phone. Q: The kanji 九 きゅう ("nine") has the reading kyū.
It is a variant of the acronym. Syllabic abbreviations are usually written using lower case, sometimes starting with a capital letter, and are always pronounced as words rather than letter by letter. Syllabic abbreviations should be distinguished from portmanteaus, which combine two words without necessarily taking whole syllables from each.
Abbreviations are common in Japanese; these include many Latin alphabet letter combinations, generally pronounced as initialisms. Some of these combinations are common in English, but others are unique to Japan or of Japanese origin, and form a kind of wasei eigo (Japanese-coined English).
The ninth edition's ratification draft was published on 6 July 2005, with a reply deadline of 6 October 2005. It replaces all two- and four-letter codes with ISO or ISO-like three- and six-letter codes. It is intended as a transitional standard: once all NATO nations have updated their information systems, a tenth edition will be published.
Tu, a city in Japan. Tu is in Kunrei-shiki romanization and Tsu in Hepburn romanization is more common. (Other than Mount E this is the shortest place name in Japan in both Japanese phonology and orthography. All other Japanese place names in this section require at least two kana.) Ub, a town in Serbia; Ui, a town in Republic of Korea
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 – two-letter country codes which are also used to create the ISO 3166-2 country subdivision codes and the Internet country code top-level domains. ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 – three-letter country codes which may allow a better visual association between the codes and the country names than the 3166-1 alpha-2 codes.