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  2. Axes conventions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axes_conventions

    By contrast, in case of air and sea vehicles like submarines, ships, airplanes etc., which use the NED-system (North-East-Down) as external reference (World frame), the vehicle's (body's) positive y- or pitch axis always points to its right, and its positive z- or yaw axis always points down. World frame's origin is fixed at the center of ...

  3. Aircraft flight dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_flight_dynamics

    Asymmetric aircraft have analogous body-fixed frames, but different conventions must be used to choose the precise directions of the x and z axes. The Earth frame is a convenient frame to express aircraft translational and rotational kinematics. The Earth frame is also useful in that, under certain assumptions, it can be approximated as inertial.

  4. Flight dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_dynamics

    Propulsive, aerodynamic, and gravitational force vectors acting on a space vehicle during launch. The forces acting on space vehicles are of three types: propulsive force (usually provided by the vehicle's engine thrust); gravitational force exerted by the Earth and other celestial bodies; and aerodynamic lift and drag (when flying in the atmosphere of the Earth or another body, such as Mars ...

  5. Control line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_line

    Early versions merely constrained the model to fly in a circle but offered no control. This is known as round-the-pole flying.The origins of control-line flight are obscure, but the first person to use a recognizable system that manipulated the control surfaces on the model is generally considered to be Oba St. Clair, in June 1936, near Gresham, Oregon. [1]

  6. Flight control surfaces - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_control_surfaces

    The controls (stick and rudder) for rotary wing aircraft (helicopter or autogyro) accomplish the same motions about the three axes of rotation, but manipulate the rotating flight controls (main rotor disk and tail rotor disk) in a completely different manner. Flight control surfaces are operated by aircraft flight control systems.

  7. Rotating reference frame - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_reference_frame

    Perhaps the most commonly encountered rotating reference frame is the Earth. Moving objects on the surface of the Earth experience a Coriolis force, and appear to veer to the right in the northern hemisphere, and to the left in the southern.

  8. Airstair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airstair

    An airstair is a set of steps built into an aircraft so that passengers may board and alight the aircraft. The stairs are often built into a clamshell-style door on the aircraft. Airstairs eliminate the need for passengers to use a mobile stairway or jetway to board or exit the aircraft, providing more independence from ground services.

  9. Earth-centered inertial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth-centered_inertial

    Due to forces that the Sun and Moon exert, Earth's equatorial plane moves with respect to the celestial sphere. Earth rotates while the ECI coordinate system does not. Earth-centered inertial (ECI) coordinate frames have their origins at the center of mass of Earth and are fixed with respect to the stars. [1] "