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Normal epididymal head. The epididymal head, usually iso- or slightly hyperechoic than the testis is seen located cephalad to the testis. [citation needed] The normal adult testis is an ovoid structure measuring 3 cm in anterior-posterior dimension, 2–4 cm in width, and 3–5 cm in length.
Normal volume is 15 to 25 cm 3; the average is 18 cm 3 per testis (range 12–30 cm 3). [ 1 ] The number of spermatozoa an adult human male produces is directly proportional to testicular volume, as larger testicles contain more seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells as a result. [ 3 ]
The exact cause of an epididymal cyst is unknown, but it is most likely a congenital anomaly associated with hormonal imbalances during embryonic life. [3] Previous research has shown a correlation between the development of epididymal cysts and maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting substances like diethylstilbestrol during male fetal development.
Spermatocele is a fluid-filled cyst that develops in the epididymis. [3] The fluid is usually a clear or milky white color and may contain sperm. [4] Spermatoceles are typically filled with spermatozoa [5] and they can vary in size from several millimeters to many centimeters.
The epididymis is present in male reptiles, birds, mammals, and cartilaginous fish. [1] The caput epididymidis is fused to the testis in eutherian mammals, but not in marsupials. [13] In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis and which receives the various efferent ducts.
Doppler ultrasound of epididymitis, seen as a substantial increase in blood flow in the left epididymis (top image), while it is normal in the right (bottom image). The thickness of the epididymis (between yellow crosses) is only slightly increased. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms. [1]
One weakness of adenomatoid tumor ultrasound imaging is that it is only possible if the tumor is hyperechoic. Ultrasonically can help identify if it fits this category or not. This specific characteristic in adenomatoid tumors is variable and can determine whether or not ultrasound is the right technique for the job. [11]
The term epididymal hypertension is derived from the epididymis, a part of the male reproductive system. [8] The term is also applied to females despite the lack of an epididymis in female anatomy. Professor Caroline Pukall, who co-wrote the first in-depth study on EH, has suggested using the term throbbing crotch syndrome . [ 9 ]