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Doppler ultrasound of epididymitis, seen as a substantial increase in blood flow in the left epididymis (top image), while it is normal in the right (bottom image). The thickness of the epididymis (between yellow crosses) is only slightly increased (7 mm).
Normal volume is 15 to 25 cm 3; the average is 18 cm 3 per testis (range 12–30 cm 3). [ 1 ] The number of spermatozoa an adult human male produces is directly proportional to testicular volume, as larger testicles contain more seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells as a result. [ 3 ]
Doppler ultrasound of epididymitis, seen as a substantial increase in blood flow in the left epididymis (top image), while it is normal in the right (bottom image). The thickness of the epididymis (between yellow crosses) is only slightly increased. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms. [1]
Spermatocele is a fluid-filled cyst that develops in the epididymis. [3] The fluid is usually a clear or milky white color and may contain sperm. [4] Spermatoceles are typically filled with spermatozoa [5] and they can vary in size from several millimeters to many centimeters.
The exact cause of an epididymal cyst is unknown, but it is most likely a congenital anomaly associated with hormonal imbalances during embryonic life. [3] Previous research has shown a correlation between the development of epididymal cysts and maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting substances like diethylstilbestrol during male fetal development.
One weakness of adenomatoid tumor ultrasound imaging is that it is only possible if the tumor is hyperechoic. Ultrasonically can help identify if it fits this category or not. This specific characteristic in adenomatoid tumors is variable and can determine whether or not ultrasound is the right technique for the job. [11]
Diagnosis may involve testing urine samples or an ultrasound. Treatment can include antibiotics, medications to address pain and swelling, or surgical removal of the epididymis. [18] Epididymal cysts is a mass that forms in the epididymis. [10] These cysts differ from spermatoceles as they contain clear fluid, rather than seminal fluid.
A 45 year old man presented with right testicular chronic pain. He had a vasectomy 7 years ago. Upon physical examination and an ultrasound, a solid nodule in the right epididymis was found, and medical staff suspected a tumor. After findings of sperm that had undergone phagocytosis, a final diagnosis of sperm granuloma was determined. [14]