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The epididymis is present in male reptiles, birds, mammals, and cartilaginous fish. [1] The caput epididymidis is fused to the testis in eutherian mammals, but not in marsupials. [13] In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis and which receives the various efferent ducts.
An average adult testicle measures up to 5 cm × 2 cm × 3 cm (2 in × 3 ⁄ 4 in × 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in). The Tanner scale , which is used to assess the maturity of the male genitalia, assigns a maturity stage to the calculated volume ranging from stage I, a volume of less than 1.5 cm 3 ; to stage V, a volume greater than 20 cm 3 .
Normal epididymal head. The epididymal head, usually iso- or slightly hyperechoic than the testis is seen located cephalad to the testis. [citation needed] The normal adult testis is an ovoid structure measuring 3 cm in anterior-posterior dimension, 2–4 cm in width, and 3–5 cm in length.
Return foreskin to normal position. Palpate scrotum to examine the appearance, size and position of the testicles. The normal shape of testicle is oval and smooth but tender to the touch. [1] Examiner will note if testicle can be separated from epididymis.
The epididymis is a long whitish mass of tightly coiled tube. The sperm that are produced in the seminiferous tubules flow into the epididymis. During passage via the epididymis, the sperm undergo maturation and are concentrated by the action of ion channels located on the apical membrane of the epididymis. [2]
The human vas deferens measures 30–35 cm in length, and 2–3 mm in diameter. [3]: 1297 It is continuous proximally with the tail of the epididymis, [3]: 1296 and exhibits a tortuous, convoluted initial/proximal section (which measures 2–3 cm in length).
Due to natural variation, individuals pass through the Tanner stages at different rates, depending in particular on the timing of puberty.Among researchers who study puberty, the Tanner scale is commonly considered the "gold standard" for assessing pubertal status when it is conducted by a trained medical examiner. [5]
Spermatocele is a fluid-filled cyst that develops in the epididymis. [3] The fluid is usually a clear or milky white color and may contain sperm. [4] Spermatoceles are typically filled with spermatozoa [5] and they can vary in size from several millimeters to many centimeters.