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Moffett's solution is a mixture of adrenaline, sodium bicarbonate and cocaine [1] [2] that is used to provide topical analgesia and vasoconstriction during ear, nose, and throat surgery, especially for operations on the nose.
"Anesthesia of nerve roots with cocaine". Cleveland Medical Journal. 2: 355. Cushing, HW (1902). "I. On the Avoidance of Shock in Major Amputations by Cocainization of Large Nerve-Trunks Preliminary to their Division. With Observations on Blood-Pressure Changes in Surgical Cases". Annals of Surgery. 36 (3): 321– 45. doi:10.1097/00000658 ...
Koller introduced cocaine as a local anaesthetic for eye surgery. Prior to this discovery, he had tested solutions such as chloral hydrate and morphine as anaesthetics in the eyes of laboratory animals without success. Freud was fully aware of the pain-killing properties of cocaine, but Koller recognized its tissue-numbing capabilities, and in ...
Cocaine (from French cocaïne, from Spanish coca, ultimately from Quechua kúka) [13] is a tropane alkaloid that acts as a central nervous system stimulant.As an extract, it is mainly used recreationally and often illegally for its euphoric and rewarding effects.
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
Cocaine was later isolated and became the first effective local anesthetic. It was first used in eye surgery in 1884 by Karl Koller, at the suggestion of Sigmund Freud. [39] German surgeon August Bier (1861–1949) was the first to use cocaine for intrathecal anesthesia in 1898. [40]
The first planned spinal anaesthesia for surgery on a human was administered by August Bier (1861–1949) on 16 August 1898, in Kiel, when he injected 3 ml of 0.5% cocaine solution into a 34-year-old labourer. [14] After using it on six patients, he and his assistant each injected cocaine into the other's spine. They recommended it for ...
Amnesia is desirable during surgery, so general anaesthesia procedures are designed to induce it for the duration of the operation. Sedatives such as benzodiazepines, which are commonly used for anxiety disorders, can reduce the encoding of new memories, particularly in high doses (for example, prior to surgery in order for a person not to recall the surgery). [2]