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A few pigging systems utilize a "captive pig", and the pipeline is only opened occasionally to check the condition of the pig. [12] At all other times, the pig is shuttled up and down the pipeline at the end of each transfer, and the pipeline is never opened up during process operation. These systems are not common.
Hydraulically activated pipeline pigging (HAPP) is a pigging technology applied for pipeline cleaning. The basic principle is that a pressure drop is created over a by-passable pig held back against a pipeline's fluid flow. The pipeline fluid passing through the pig's cleaning head is accelerated by this pressure drop, forming strong cleaning jets.
Pigging slugs are caused by pigging operations in the pipeline. The pig is designed to push all or most of the liquids contents of the pipeline to the outlet. This intentionally creates a liquid slug. Slugs formed by terrain slugging, hydrodynamic slugging or riser-based slugging are periodical in nature.
Background and origin of the term "pig": In the field, a device that travels inside a pipeline to clean or inspect it is typically known as a pig. PIG is a bacronym for "Pipeline Inspection Gauge". The acronym PIG came later as the nickname for "pig" originated from cleaning pigs (first designed pigs) that sounded like squealing or screeching ...
Natural gas may move through a pipeline system typically at speeds of up to 25 mph (11.2 m/s), depending on pressures and pipeline diameters. For a pipeline system operating at a nominal pressure of 1000 psi (such as the UK National Transmission System ) compressor stations compress the gas from about 48 bar (700 psi) to 65 bar (950 psi).
Ice pigging is a technique used for cleaning pipes, distinguished from traditional pigging by the use of a semi-solid 'pig' made of ice, rather than a solid object. This ice pig is capable of flowing through pipes, navigating obstructions such as valves and variations in pipe diameter, due to its fluid-like properties.
The group Compassion Over Killing posted a video of pigs being dragged across factory floors and, allegedly, slaughtered while conscious. By law, the pigs are supposed to be unconscious.
The process during which the pipeline is made "live" i.e. the product is put in the pipeline, is called pipeline commissioning or start-up. Despite being seen as an offshoot, or minor part of the business for the larger oil service companies, the pipeline pre-commissioning industry possesses quite a large portfolio of services including, but ...