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The Long Land Pattern "Brown Bess" musket was the British infantryman's basic arm from about 1740 until the 1830s. From the seventeenth century to the early years of the eighteenth century, most nations did not specify standards for military firearms.
There were two types of the Brown Bess: the Short Land Pattern and the Long Land Pattern. The Short Land was shorter, less bulky, less heavy than the Long Land. Most American fighters implemented the Long Land Pattern. The weapon was also used for hunting and other sport activities. [1]
Brown Bess Long Land, Short Land, India Patterns: Flintlock: 1722 British Empire: Baker rifle: Flintlock: 1801-1837 British Empire: Lovells Pattern 1838 musket and Double Barrel Carbine: Caplock: 1883 British Empire: Pattern 1842 Musket: Caplock: 1842-1853 British Empire: Pattern 1851 Rifle: Caplock: 1851 British Empire: Pattern 1853 Enfield ...
Brown Bess musket – precursor to the early British rifles. The origins of the modern British military rifle are within its predecessor the Brown Bess musket.While a musket was largely inaccurate over 100 yards (91 m), due to a lack of rifling and a generous tolerance to allow for muzzle-loading, it was cheap to produce and could be loaded quickly.
The lock plate was smaller, flat, and had a steeped-down tail, a raised semi-waterproof pan, a flat ring neck cock, and a sliding safety bolt. With the introduction of a new pattern Short Land Pattern Flintlock Musket ('Brown Bess') in 1810, with its flat lock and ring-necked cock, the Baker's lock followed suit for what became the fourth pattern.
The Charleville's 0.69-inch (17.5 mm) caliber barrel was slightly smaller than its main competitor, the 0.75-inch caliber Brown Bess produced by the British. The smaller round was intentionally chosen to reduce weight in the field, but still had enough mass to be effective as a military round. The Charleville's stock was usually made out of walnut.
X-ray of a Brown Bess musket recovered by LAMP archaeologists from an American Revolutionary War era shipwreck lost in December 1782. It is believed to be a 1769 Short Land Pattern, and is loaded with buck and ball. Buckshot pellets from the American Civil War
The Model 1795 fired a smaller round than the British .75 caliber Brown Bess, but the Model 1795 also had both a slightly longer range and slightly better accuracy than the Brown Bess musket. This gave the American forces an advantage of range when they faced British forces in the War of 1812. [2]