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Half the supervisory board in state-owned companies. Slovenia: 1991 Constitution art 75, and 1993 law. 50% - 33.3%: 50: Between a third and a half of seats in companies with supervisory board plus management board member if more than 500 employees; around a third in companies with single tier board Spain: Law 41/1962, repealed 1980: 0%: N/A
Employees and national unions have equal representation on the supervisory board with the stockholders, but the board’s chairman must be a stockholder who has a tie-breaking vote. [ 5 ] The principle is to have almost equal representation between employee representatives and shareholder representatives on the supervisory board ( Aufsichtsrat ).
It applies to public and private companies, so long as there are over 2,000 employees. For companies with 500–2,000 employees, one third of the supervisory board must be elected. There is also legislation in Germany, known as the Betriebsverfassungsgesetz whereby workers are entitled to form Works Councils at the local shop floor level.
In joint stock company (S.A.), the appointment of the Supervisory Board is mandatory regardless of the share capital, size, and the number of shareholders. The competences of the Supervisory Board are broad and include both the oversight of the management board’s activities and the performance of specific control tasks.
The National Labor Relations Board, an agency within the United States government, was created in 1935 as part of the National Labor Relations Act. Among the NLRB's chief responsibilities is the holding of elections to permit employees to vote whether they wish to be represented by a particular labor union.
Board structures and procedures vary both within and among OECD countries. Some countries have two-tier boards that separate the supervisory function and the management function into different bodies. Such systems typically have a "supervisory board" composed of nonexecutive board members and a "management board" composed entirely of executives.
Kenya has the largest female board representation of 19.8%, South Africa has 17.4% and Botswana has 16.9%. [36] On the other end, Côte d'Ivoire has the lowest female board representation of 5.1%. [36] Although women hold 17.9% of the board seats on Fortune 1000 companies, female board representation varies between industry sectors. [37]
An advisory board is a body that provides non-binding strategic advice to the management of a corporation, organization, or foundation.The informal nature of an advisory board gives greater flexibility in structure and management compared to the board of directors.