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A transform fault or transform boundary, is a fault along a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. [1] It ends abruptly where it connects to another plate boundary, either another transform, a spreading ridge, or a subduction zone. [2] A transform fault is a special case of a strike-slip fault that also forms a plate boundary.
Fracture zones extend past the transform faults, away from the ridge axis; are usually seismically inactive (because both plate segments are moving in the same direction), although they can display evidence of transform fault activity, primarily in the different ages of the crust on opposite sides of the zone.
Some use the term "transform fault" to describe the seismically and tectonically active portion of a fracture zone after John Tuzo Wilson's concepts first developed with respect to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. [2] The term fracture zone has a distinct geological meaning, but it is also used more loosely in the naming of some oceanic features.
The Mendocino fracture zone is a fracture zone and transform boundary over 4000 km (2500 miles) long, [1] starting off the coast of Cape Mendocino in far northern California. It runs westward from a triple junction with the San Andreas Fault and the Cascadia subduction zone for about 300 km to the southern end of the Gorda Ridge. It continues ...
Slip along the Owen fracture zone is occurring at 2 mm (0.079 in)/yr, the slowest rate on Earth, which means the Arabian plate moves northward faster than the Indian plate (4 vs. 2 mm/yr). [2] In some usages, the name Owen Transform Fault is used to denote the short section between the end of the Aden-Sheba ridge and the Carlsberg Ridge. [3]
The Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault which runs through the Jordan River Valley in the Middle East. The Owen fracture zone along the southeastern boundary of the Arabian plate . The East Anatolian and North Anatolian faults run across much of Turkey and cause large and deadly earthquakes such as the 1999 İzmit earthquake
A fault plane is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault. A fault trace or fault line is a place where the fault can be seen or mapped on the surface. A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault. [3] [4] A fault zone is a cluster of parallel faults.
To the south, the San Andreas Fault, a strike-slip fault and transform plate boundary, separates the Pacific plate and the North American plate. To the north lies the Cascadia subduction zone, where a section of the Juan de Fuca plate called the Gorda plate is being subducted under the North American plate, forming a trench (T).