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The ecoregion consists of montane forests, grasslands, and savannas, transitioning to the East African montane moorlands on the highest peaks. The ecoregion is home to the Afromontane flora, which occurs in the mountains of eastern Africa, and is distinct from the lowland flora. [1] [3] Plant communities vary with elevation.
Former ecoregion boundaries as defined by the WWF (2001) In the 1983 Vegetation Map of Africa, Frank White identified three vegetation types in the Ethiopian highlands – "Evergreen and semi-evergreen bushland and thicket - East African" from 1000 to 1800 meters elevation, "Undifferentiated montane vegetation (A) Afromontane" from 1,800 to about 3800 meters elevation, and "Altimontane ...
Former ecoregion boundaries as defined by the WWF (2001) In the 1983 Vegetation Map of Africa, Frank White identified three vegetation types in the Ethiopian highlands – "Evergreen and semi-evergreen bushland and thicket - East African" from 1000 to 1800 meters elevation, "Undifferentiated montane vegetation (A) Afromontane" from 1,800 to about 3800 meters elevation, and "Altimontane ...
The Eastern Arc forests extend across a total of 23,800 km 2 (9,200 sq. mi.) of mountainous landscape from the Taita Hills on Kenya-Tanzania border through central Tanzania to the Udzungwa Mountains in the southwest. The ecoregion includes numerous mountain blocks separated by lowland areas.
They are bounded on the west by drier grasslands and savannas. Pockets of coastal forest grow on the windward eastern slopes of mountains further inland, including the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and Kenya and some inselbergs in northern Mozambique, where rainfall and dry-season humidity are higher than the adjacent lowlands. [1]
Western (Albertine) Rift, IV. Eastern Rift. V. Southern Rift, VI. Eastern Highlands, VII. Drakensberg. The Afromontane regions are subregions of the Afrotropical realm, one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms, covering the plant and animal species found in the mountains of Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula.
Above 4500 meters elevation, vegetation is mostly low cushion plants, including Agrostis sclerophylla and Sagina afroalpina, which extend up to the limit of vegetation at around 5000 meters. The East African moorland flora has much in common with that of the Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands .
Others are found only in this region in South Africa but their distribution extends beyond into the coastal forests of eastern Africa. [8] Of 209 species of reptiles 30 are endemic. This hotspot is the home of at least 7 species of dwarf chameleons of the genus Bradypodion whose distribution is very small.