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Ethnic groups in Chinese history refer to various or presumed ethnicities of significance to the history of China, gathered through the study of Classical Chinese literature, Chinese and non-Chinese literary sources and inscriptions, historical linguistics, and archaeological research.
A painting of a gentry scholar with two courtesans, by Tang Yin, c. 1500. The four occupations (simplified Chinese: 士农工商; traditional Chinese: 士農工商; pinyin: Shì nóng gōng shāng), or "four categories of the people" (Chinese: 四民; pinyin: sì mín), [1] [2] was an occupation classification used in ancient China by either Confucian or Legalist scholars as far back as the ...
Large groups of foreign migrants settled in China, who enjoyed elevated social status over the majority Han Chinese, while enriching Chinese culture with foreign elements. The class of scholar officials and intellectuals, traditional bearers of elite Chinese culture, lost substantial social status.
The comprador in nineteenth century China: bridge between East and West (Harvard UP. 1970) online. Heijdra, Martin J. "The socioeconomic development of rural China during the Ming," in The Cambridge History of China Volume 8 The Ming Dynasty, 1368 - 1644, Part 2 edited by Denis Twitchett and Frederick W. Mote (1998) pp 417–578. Hung, Ho-fung.
Ancient Chinese states (traditional Chinese: 諸侯國; simplified Chinese: 诸侯国; pinyin: Zhūhóu guó) were dynastic polities of China within and without the Zhou cultural sphere prior to Qin's wars of unification. They ranged in size from large estates, to city-states to much vaster territories with multiple population centers. Many of ...
Chinese Rites controversy: The Kangxi Emperor banned Christian missions in China. 1722: 20 December: The Kangxi Emperor died. 27 December: The Kangxi Emperor's son the Yongzheng Emperor became emperor of the Qing dynasty. 1725: The Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China was completed. 1729: Opium criminalized in China. 1732: Jiang Tingxi ...
History of ancient China. Neolithic China (c. 8500 – c. 2070 BC) – predates ancient China; Bronze Age China. Xia dynasty (c. 2070 – c. 1600 BC) Shang dynasty (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC) Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 – 256 BC|BCE) Western Zhou (1046–771 BC) Iron Age China. Zhou dynasty (continued) Eastern Zhou. Spring and Autumn period (771 ...
Map of tribes and tribal unions in Ancient China, including the tribes led by the Yellow Emperor, Emperor Yan and Chiyou. There are six to seven known variations on which people constitute the Three Sovereigns and the Five Emperors, depending on the source. [10] Many of the known sources were written in much later dynasties.