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The scalar r has many names in the literature including; the ratio of similarity, the stretching factor and the similarity coefficient. When r = 1 a similarity is called an isometry (rigid transformation). Two sets are called similar if one is the image of the other under a similarity.
In geometry, the tests for congruence and similarity involve comparing corresponding sides and corresponding angles of polygons. In these tests, each side and each angle in one polygon is paired with a side or angle in the second polygon, taking care to preserve the order of adjacency. [1]
For example, in a polyhedron (3-dimensional polytope), a face is a facet, an edge is a ridge, and a vertex is a peak. Vertex figure: not itself an element of a polytope, but a diagram showing how the elements meet.
3. Often used for denoting other types of similarity, for example, matrix similarity or similarity of geometric shapes. 4. Standard notation for an equivalence relation. 5. In probability and statistics, may specify the probability distribution of a random variable.
Similarity is an equivalence relation on the space of square matrices. Because matrices are similar if and only if they represent the same linear operator with respect to (possibly) different bases, similar matrices share all properties of their shared underlying operator: Rank; Characteristic polynomial, and attributes that can be derived from it:
Solid geometry, including table of major three-dimensional shapes; Box-drawing character; Cuisenaire rods (learning aid) Geometric shape; Geometric Shapes (Unicode block) Glossary of shapes with metaphorical names; List of symbols; Pattern Blocks (learning aid)
Figure 1: The point O is an external homothetic center for the two triangles. The size of each figure is proportional to its distance from the homothetic center. In geometry, a homothetic center (also called a center of similarity or a center of similitude) is a point from which at least two geometrically similar figures can be seen as a dilation or contraction of one another.
Similarity (geometry), the property of sharing the same shape; Matrix similarity, a relation between matrices; Similarity measure, a function that quantifies the similarity of two objects Cosine similarity, which uses the angle between vectors; String metric, also called string similarity; Semantic similarity, in computational linguistics