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[61] [62] Carthage's growing wealth and power, along with the foreign subjugation of the Phoenician homeland, led to its supplanting of Sidon as the supreme Phoenician city state. [63] Carthage's empire was largely informal and multifaceted, consisting of varying levels of control exercised in equally variable ways.
Carthage archaeological site J. M. W. Turner's The Rise of the Carthaginian Empire (1815). The city of Carthage was founded in the 9th century BC on the coast of Northwest Africa, in what is now Tunisia, as one of a number of Phoenician settlements in the western Mediterranean created to facilitate trade from the city of Tyre on the coast of what is now Lebanon.
Greek cities contested with Carthage for the Western Mediterranean culminating in the Sicilian Wars and the Pyrrhic War over Sicily, while the Romans fought three wars against Carthage, known as the Punic Wars, [74] [75] from the Latin "Punicus" meaning "Phoenician", as Carthage was a Phoenician colony grown into an empire.
The end of the Carthaginian Empire came after the destruction of Carthage in 146 BC, which occurred at the end of the Third Punic War, the final conflict between Carthage and Rome. [8] This took place about 50 years after the end of the Carthaginian presence in Iberia, and the entire empire came under Roman control. [8]
Carthage was founded by Phoenicians coming from Tyre, probably to provide an anchorage and supplies to the Tyrian merchants in their voyages. [57] The city's name in Punic , Qart-Ḥadašt ( 𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 ) , means 'New City'. [ 58 ]
The Treaty of Lutatius was the agreement between Carthage and Rome of 241 BC (amended in 237 BC), that ended the First Punic War after 23 years of conflict. Most of the fighting during the war took place on, or in the waters around, the island of Sicily and in 241 BC a Carthaginian fleet was defeated by a Roman fleet commanded by Gaius Lutatius Catulus while attempting to lift the blockade of ...
Phoenician colonies This is a list of cities and colonies of Phoenicia in modern-day Lebanon , coastal Syria , northern Israel , as well as cities founded or developed by the Phoenicians in the Eastern Mediterranean area, North Africa , Southern Europe , and the islands of the Mediterranean Sea .
The Phoenician colonial system was motivated by economic opportunity, not expansionist ideology, and as such, the Phoenicians lacked the numbers or even the desire to establish an "empire" overseas. The colonies were therefore independent city-states, though most were relatively small, probably having a population of less than 1,000.