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Ehrlichia chaffeensis. E. chaffeensis causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis and is known to infect monocytes. [1] It has also been known to infect other cell types such as lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes, myelocytes, and neutrophils, but monocytes appear to best harbor the infection.
The most common symptoms are fever, headache, malaise, and muscle aches . Compared to human granulocytic anaplasmosis, rash is more common. [4] Laboratory abnormalities include thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevated liver tests. [citation needed] The severity of the illness can range from minor or asymptomatic to life-threatening.
Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne [3] bacterial infection, [4] caused by bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. These obligate intracellular bacteria infect and kill white blood cells. The average reported annual incidence is on the order of 2.3 cases per million people. [5]
Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection [1] is an infectious disease caused by an intracellular bacteria, Ehrlichia ewingii. [2] The infection is transmitted to humans by the tick, Amblyomma americanum . This tick can also transmit Ehrlichia chaffeensis , the bacteria that causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME).
These bacteria cause the disease ehrlichiosis, which is considered zoonotic, because the main reservoirs for the disease are animals. Ehrlichia species are obligately intracellular pathogens and are transported between cells through the host cell filopodia during initial stages of infection, whereas in the final stages of infection, the ...
Although people can get ehrlichiosis, dogs do not transmit the bacteria to humans; rather, ticks pass on the ehrlichia organism. Clinical signs of human ehrlichiosis include fever, headache, eye pain, and gastrointestinal upset. It is quite similar to Rocky Mountain spotted fever, but rash is not seen in patients.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophilum) [2] is a Gram-negative bacterium that is unusual in its tropism to neutrophils. It causes anaplasmosis in sheep and cattle, also known as tick-borne fever and pasture fever , and also causes the zoonotic disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis .
Clinically, HGA is essentially indistinguishable from human monocytic ehrlichiosis, the infection caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and other tick-borne illnesses such as Lyme disease may be suspected. [15] As Ehrlichia serologies can be negative in the acute period, PCR is very useful for diagnosis. [16]