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Hydatid disease caused by infection of various organs with larval stages of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus; Cysticercosis caused by infection of the brain and/or muscles with the eggs and larvae of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium (though it has been judged less effective than albendazole in treatment of neurocysticercosis) [6]
In human adults, the tapeworm is more of a nuisance than a health problem, but in small children, many H. nana worms can be dangerous. Usually, the larvae of this tapeworm cause the most problem in children; they burrow into the walls of the intestine, and if enough tapeworms are present in the child, severe damage can be inflicted.
A number of such organisms are currently being investigated for their use as treatment, including: Trichuris suis ova, [6] [7] commonly known as pig whipworm eggs; Necator americanus, [8] commonly known as hookworms; Trichuris trichiura ova, [9] commonly referred to as human whipworm eggs; and Hymenolepis diminuta, commonly known as rat tapeworm.
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug. [7] After its discovery in 1975, [8] its first uses were in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat heartworm and acariasis. [9] Approved for human use in 1987, [10] it is used to treat infestations including head lice, scabies, river blindness (onchocerciasis), strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis and lymphatic filariasis.
They show activity against a broad range of nematodes and arthropod parasites of domestic animals at dose rates of 300 μg/kg or less (200 μg/kg ivermectin appearing to be the common interspecies standard, from humans to horses to house pets, unless otherwise indicated).
There are several classes of anthelminthic drugs, some effective against many kinds of parasite, others more specific; these can be used both preventatively [37] and to treat infections. [38] For example, praziquantel is an effective treatment for tapeworm infection, and is preferred over the older niclosamide. [39]