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The strong programme is a reaction against "weak" sociologies of science, which restricted the application of sociology to "failed" or "false" theories, such as phrenology. Failed theories would be explained by citing the researchers' biases, such as covert political or economic interests. Sociology would be only marginally relevant to ...
The consequences of scientific misconduct can be damaging for perpetrators and journal audiences [3] [4] and for any individual who exposes it. [5] In addition there are public health implications attached to the promotion of medical or other interventions based on false or fabricated research findings.
An erosion gully in Australia caused by rabbits, an unintended consequence of their introduction as game animals. In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences, more colloquially called knock-on effects) are outcomes of a purposeful action that are not intended or foreseen.
For me, he was a model teacher and mentor, a trusted colleague, and a close friend. His death, in many ways, puts a period at the end of 20th-century sociology. Through his theory and research during his many decades as a sociologist, Merton essentially created and sustained what is the modern sociology of science. [35]
The consequences of scientific misconduct can be damaging for perpetrators and journal audiences [14] [15] and for any individual who exposes it. [16] In addition there are public health implications attached to the promotion of medical or other interventions based on false or fabricated research findings.
Merton's was a kind of "sociology of scientists," which left the cognitive content of science out of sociological account; SSK by contrast aimed at providing sociological explanations of scientific ideas themselves, taking its lead from aspects of the work of Ludwik Fleck, [6] [7] Thomas S. Kuhn, [8] but especially from established traditions ...
The sociology of scientific ignorance (SSI) is the study of ignorance in and of science. The most common way is to see ignorance as something relevant, rather than simply lack of knowledge . There are two distinct areas in which SSI is being studied: some focus on ignorance in scientific research , whereas others focus on public ignorance of ...
Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of evidence and data related to the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and various aspects of education including student learning, interaction, teaching methods , teacher training, and classroom dynamics.