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The Billings ovulation method is a method in which women use their vaginal mucus to determine their fertility. [3] It does not rely on the presence of ovulation, rather it identifies patterns of potential fertility and obvious infertility within the cycle, whatever its length. Effectiveness, however, is not very clear. [3]
Post-ovulation methods (i.e., abstaining from intercourse from menstruation until after ovulation) have a method failure rate of 1% per year. The symptothermal method has a method failure rate of 2% per year. Cervical mucus–only methods have a method failure rate of 3% per year. Calendar rhythm has a method failure rate of 9% per year.
Cervical mucus method may refer to a specific method of fertility awareness or natural family planning: Billings ovulation method;
Some systems use only cervical mucus to determine fertility. Two well-known mucus-only methods are the Billings ovulation method and the Creighton Model FertilityCare System . If two or more signs are tracked, the method is referred to as a symptothermal method.
Cervical mucus. The cervix is a structure between the vaginal canal and the uterus. The cervical cells secrete mucus that changes its consistency over different parts of the menstrual cycle. During the fertile window, the mucus increases in quantity and becomes clear and stretchy and is known as "egg-white cervical mucus."
When high levels of estrogen are present, such as just before ovulation (or during pregnancy), the cervical mucus forms fern-like patterns due to crystallization of sodium chloride on mucus fibers. This pattern is known as arborization or 'ferning'.