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In other words, preventive checks control the population by reducing fertility rates. [30] A positive check is any event or circumstance that shortens the human life span. The primary examples of this are war, plague and famine. [31] However, poor health and economic conditions are also considered instances of positive checks. [32]
The positive checks include hunger, disease and war; the preventive checks: birth control, postponement of marriage and celibacy. [68] The rapid increase in the global population of the past century exemplifies Malthus's predicted population patterns; it also appears to describe socio-demographic dynamics of complex pre-industrial societies.
Preventative checks" were factors which Malthus believed could affect the birth rate such as moral restraint, abstinence and birth control. [18] He predicted that "positive checks" on exponential population growth would ultimately save humanity from itself and he also believed that human misery was an "absolute necessary consequence". [19]
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Malthus argued that two types of checks hold population within resource limits: The first, or preventive check to lower birth rates and The second, or positive check to permit higher mortality rates. This second check "represses an increase which is already begun" but by being "confined chiefly, though not perhaps solely, to the lowest orders ...
ii. Positive Checks According to this theory, population control is left to nature as it has its own way of weeding population. When nature comes in to control population, it takes the population level back to a size where the available food supply can sustain it . Nature controls population through earthquakes, famine, wars, flood and ...
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Malthus also notes that the checks on the human population are more complicated than those on animals and plants. [25] Malthus explains, for example, that a human check on population growth is the conscious decision not to reproduce because of financial burden. [25] Malthus then explains that the main check on population growth is food.