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  2. Nucleotide base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_base

    The purine nitrogenous bases are characterized by their single amino group (−NH 2), at the C6 carbon in adenine and C2 in guanine. [5] Similarly, the simple-ring structure of cytosine, uracil, and thymine is derived of pyrimidine, so those three bases are called the pyrimidine bases. [6] Each of the base pairs in a typical double-helix DNA ...

  3. Nucleic acid sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_sequence

    The possible letters are A, C, G, and T, representing the four nucleotide bases of a DNA strand – adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine – covalently linked to a phosphodiester backbone. In the typical case, the sequences are printed abutting one another without gaps, as in the sequence AAAGTCTGAC, read left to right in the 5' to 3' direction.

  4. Nucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide

    This nucleotide contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose (at center), a nucleobase called adenine (upper right), and one phosphate group (left). The deoxyribose sugar joined only to the nitrogenous base forms a Deoxyribonucleoside called deoxyadenosine, whereas the whole structure along with the phosphate group is a nucleotide, a constituent of DNA with the name deoxyadenosine monophosphate.

  5. Chargaff's rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chargaff's_rules

    A diagram of DNA base pairing, demonstrating the basis for Chargaff's rules. Chargaff's rules (given by Erwin Chargaff) state that in the DNA of any species and any organism, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine.

  6. Nucleic acid notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_notation

    The nucleic acid notation currently in use was first formalized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1970. [1] This universally accepted notation uses the Roman characters G, C, A, and T, to represent the four nucleotides commonly found in deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA).

  7. Non-canonical base pairing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-canonical_base_pairing

    Small values of such distances in conjunction with large values of the angles defined by θ 1 (PD1—D1—A1), θ 2 (D1—A1—PA1), θ 3 (PD2—D2—A2), θ 4 (D2—A2—PA2) (close to 180 o or π c) ensures two structural features which characterize well defined base pairs: i) the hydrogen bonds are strong and linear and ii) the two bases are ...

  8. Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Structure_of...

    The two base-pair complementary chains of the DNA molecule allow replication of the genetic instructions. The "specific pairing" is a key feature of the Watson and Crick model of DNA, the pairing of nucleotide subunits. [5] In DNA, the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. The A:T and C:G pairs ...

  9. Quaternary numeral system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_numeral_system

    The four DNA nucleotides in alphabetical order, abbreviated A, C, G, and T, can be taken to represent the quaternary digits in numerical order 0, 1, 2, and 3. With this encoding, the complementary digit pairs 0↔3, and 12 (binary 00↔11 and 01↔10) match the complementation of the base pairs : A↔T and C↔G and can be stored as data in ...