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The Territory of Arizona, commonly known as the Arizona Territory, was a territory of the United States that existed from February 24, 1863, [1] until February 14, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Arizona.
Territory of Arizona, 1863–1912 [1] North-western corner of the Arizona Territory is transferred to the State of Nevada, 1867; State of Arizona since February 14, 1912; Mexican Boundary Exchanges: In 1927 under the Banco Convention of 1905, the U.S. acquired two bancos from Mexico at the Colorado River border with Arizona.
In 1863, Arizona was split off from the Territory of New Mexico to form the Arizona Territory. The remoteness of the region was eased by the arrival of railroads in 1880. Arizona became a state in 1912 but was primarily rural with an economy based on cattle, cotton, citrus, and copper.
The capital of the Arizona Territory was established in Prescott, but was moved to Tucson, back to Prescott, and finally to Phoenix over 25 years as political power shifted as the territory grew, developed, and stabilized. Each move was controversial.
The Federal government declared a new U.S. Arizona Territory, consisting of the western half of earlier New Mexico Territory, in Washington, D.C., on February 24, 1863. [34] These new boundaries would later form the basis of the state. The first territorial capital, Prescott, was founded in 1864 following a gold rush to central Arizona. [35]
In 1861, Lieutenant Colonel John Baylor recognized the Arizona Territory and established a provisional Confederate government with Mesilla as the capital. [2] [1] On January 18 1862, the Arizona Territory was officially organized by the Confederate States of America. [3] Two militia companies organized under the Confederate territorial government.
February 24: The Arizona Territory is created by splitting the New Mexico Territory virtually in half. [43] An Act to provide a temporary Government for the Territory of Arizona, and for other Purposes , [ 44 ] creates the Territory of Arizona from the portion of the Territory of New Mexico lying west of the 32nd meridian west from Washington ...
The Act provided for the creation of the Arizona Territory by the division of the New Mexico Territory into two territories along the current boundary between New Mexico and Arizona. On February 24, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed the bill once it had been approved by Congress. The bill established a provisional government for the new ...