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Probenecid is primarily used to treat gout and hyperuricemia. Probenecid is sometimes used to increase the concentration of some antibiotics and to protect the kidneys when given with cidofovir . Specifically, a small amount of evidence supports the use of intravenous cefazolin once rather than three times a day when it is combined with probenecid.
Notable direct causes of hyperuricosuria are dissolution of uric acid crystals in the kidneys or urinary bladder, and hyperuricemia. Notable indirect causes include uricosuric drugs, rapid breakdown of bodily tissues containing large quantities of DNA and RNA , and a diet high in purine .
Rasburicase, sold under the brand name Elitek in the US and Fasturtec in the EU, is a medication that helps to clear uric acid from the blood.It is a recombinant version of urate oxidase, an enzyme that metabolizes uric acid to allantoin.
Underexcretion of uric acid by the kidney is the primary cause of hyperuricemia in about 90% of cases, while overproduction is the cause in less than 10%. [5] About 10% of people with hyperuricemia develop gout at some point in their lifetimes. [19] The risk, however, varies depending on the degree of hyperuricemia.
Hyperuricaemia or hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood. In the pH conditions of body fluid , uric acid exists largely as urate, the ion form. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Serum uric acid concentrations greater than 6 mg/dL for females, 7 mg/dL for males, and 5.5 mg/dL for youth (under 18 years old) are defined as hyperuricemia. [ 3 ]
Drugs with other primary uses, that have known uricosuric properties, include losartan, [1] atorvastatin, and fenofibrate.Although these drugs may have significant uricosuric action, their other significant pharmacological actions in off-label use as a uricosuric requires careful assessment of the patient to achieve the most benefit and least risk.
Free Fire Max is an enhanced version of Free Fire that was released in 2021. [71] [72] It features improved High-Definition graphics, sound effects, and a 360-degree rotatable lobby. Players can use the same account to play both Free Fire Max and Free Fire, and in-game purchases, costumes, and items are synced between the two games. [73]
A 2011 survey in the United States indicated that 3.9% of the population had gout, whereas 21.4% had hyperuricemia without having symptoms. [ 43 ] Excess blood uric acid (serum urate) can induce gout , [ 44 ] a painful condition resulting from needle-like crystals of uric acid termed monosodium urate crystals [ 45 ] precipitating in joints ...