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Partial pressure gas blending equipment for scuba diving. A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration. The essential component for any breathing gas is a partial pressure of oxygen of between roughly 0.16 and 1.60 bar at the ambient pressure. The oxygen is usually the only metabolically active ...
A cooling bath or ice bath, in laboratory chemistry practice, is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low temperatures, typically between 13 °C and −196 °C. These low temperatures are used to collect liquids after distillation , to remove solvents using a rotary evaporator , or to perform a chemical reaction below room temperature ...
The purpose is to thermally accelerate the reaction by conducting it at an elevated, controlled temperature (i.e. the solvent's boiling point) and ambient pressure without losing large quantities of the mixture. [6] The diagram shows a typical reflux apparatus. It includes a water bath to indirectly heat the mixture.
Mixing of liquids occurs frequently in process engineering. The nature of liquids to blend determines the equipment used. Single-phase blending tends to involve low-shear, high-flow mixers to cause liquid engulfment, while multi-phase mixing generally requires the use of high-shear, low-flow mixers to create droplets of one liquid in laminar, turbulent or transitional flow regimes, depending ...
There are several subtly-different designs for controlling the temperature; but there are some key factors common to all, such as high-precision temperature sensors and Peltier devices to control the temperature of the sample and the prism. The temperature control of these devices should be designed so that the variation in sample temperature ...
The difference in PO 2 can be used to calculate PHe, or conversely, a desired trimix product partial pressures can be used to calculate the PO 2 for the nitrox and trimix stages of the blend. Example: Desired product 50% helium, 16% oxygen, remainder nitrogen (34%). The PO 2 after the helium addition must be 0.16 bar if there is negligible ...
Then the partial pressure of its vapor must be considered when obtaining its condensation temperature. For example, if the gas entering the condenser is a mixture of 25% ethanol vapor and 75% carbon dioxide (by moles) at 100 kPa (typical atmospheric pressure), the condensation surface must be kept below 48 °C, the boiling point of ethanol at ...
A frigorific mixture may be used to obtain a liquid medium that has a reproducible temperature below ambient temperature. Such mixtures were used to calibrate thermometers. In chemistry a cooling bath may be used to control the temperature of a strongly exothermic reaction. A frigorific mixture may be used as an alternative to mechanical ...