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For some forms of hematopoietic malignancies, for example acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the essential cells during HSCT are, beside the donor's T cells, the NK cells, which interact with KIR receptors. NK cells are within the first cells to repopulate host's bone marrow which means they play important role in the transplant engraftment.
stem cell transplant, e.g. marrow transplant. This allows more intensive chemotherapy to be given, and in addition the transplanted bone marrow may help eradicate the minimal residual disease; immunotherapy; monitoring the patient carefully for early signs of relapse. This is an area of active research in several countries.
Formerly, the only treatment option that offered relapsed bone marrow transplant patients hope of a cure was another bone marrow transplant. However, the risk of serious, life-threatening complications after a second BMT is great. One strategy of managing relapse, donor leukocyte infusion, might eliminate the need for a second BMT in some patients.
Five years after receiving a life-changing stem cell transplant, a 68-year-old man says he’s “extremely grateful” to be essentially cured of acute myelogenous leukemia and in HIV remission.
Around ten years after Virchow's findings, pathologist Franz Ernst Christian Neumann found that the bone marrow of a deceased person with leukemia was colored "dirty green-yellow" as opposed to the normal red. This finding allowed Neumann to conclude that a bone marrow problem was responsible for the abnormal blood of people with leukemia. [88]
Graft-versus-host disease can largely be avoided by performing a T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplant. However, these types of transplants come at a cost of diminished graft-versus-tumor effect, greater risk of engraftment failure, or cancer relapse, [ 39 ] and general immunodeficiency , resulting in a patient more susceptible to viral ...