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MRI findings that are consistent with multiple sclerosis have been observed in healthy people who underwent MRI scanning, and 50% go on to develop symptomatic MS, sometimes with a primary progressive course. [2] [3] This condition was first characterized in 2009. [4]
Multiple sclerosis is typically diagnosed based on the presenting signs and symptoms, in combination with supporting medical imaging and laboratory testing. [4] It can be difficult to confirm, especially early on, since the signs and symptoms may be similar to those of other medical problems. [5] [6]
It is common to classify them according to their source (imaging biomarkers, body fluid biomarkers and genetic biomarkers) or their utility (diagnosis, evolution and response to medication) Among the imaging biomarkers in MS the most known is MRI by two methods, gadolinium contrast and T2-hypertense lesions, but also important are PET and OCT.
Dawson's Fingers appearing on an MRI scan. Multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) produce lesions (demyelinated areas in the CNS) and glial scars or scleroses. They present different shapes and histological findings according to the underlying condition that produces them.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease resulting in damage to the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. [3] As a demyelinating disease, MS disrupts the nervous system's ability to transmit signals, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems.
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Main symptoms of multiple sclerosis Symptoms and findings in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms varying significantly in severity and progression among individuals: changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech or swallowing (), visual ...
Several studies trying to establish a relationship between the pathological findings and MRI findings have been performed. For example, pulsed magnetization transfer imaging, [198] diffusion Tensor MRI, [199] and VCAM-1 enhanced MRI [200] have been reported to show the pathological differences of these patterns.