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Inversely, some manufacturers have recently been able to improve image quality by switching to a lens with a slightly shorter focal length but a much larger sensor. [3] For example, the Vivo X90 Pro+ 's 90mm lens still has a 60% larger effective sensor area when digitally cropped to match the field of view of the X80 Pro 's 125mm lens.
35 mm equivalent focal lengths are calculated by multiplying the actual focal length of the lens by the crop factor of the sensor. Typical crop factors are 1.26× – 1.29× for Canon (1.35× for Sigma "H") APS-H format, 1.5× for Nikon APS-C ("DX") format (also used by Sony, Pentax, Fuji, Samsung and others), 1.6× for Canon APS-C format, 2× for Micro Four Thirds format, 2.7× for 1-inch ...
The latest Leica Leitz and Sharp Aquos R series phones do qualify because, despite using only 94% [b] of their 1.0-type sensors [2] [3] (with 4:3 aspect ratio), they maintain the same crop factor (2.7) and diagonal (1″) as a 1.0-type sensor with 3:2 aspect ratio, since that is the image circle for which their lenses were originally designed.
Because the image sensors in many digital cameras are smaller than the 24 mm × 36 mm image area of full-frame 35 mm cameras, a lens of a given focal length gives a narrower field of view in such cameras. Sensor size is often expressed as optical format in inches. Other measures are also used; see table of sensor formats and sizes below.
A 50 mm (focal length) lens on an APS-C image sensor format (crop factor 1.6) images a slightly smaller field of view than a 70 mm lens on a 35 mm sensor format camera (full frame sensor). A 80 mm lens (1.6 × 50 mm = 80 mm) with a full frame camera gives the same field of view as this 50 mm lens and APS-C sensor format combination produces.
The effective focal length is nearly equal to the stated focal length of the lens (F), except in macro photography where the lens-to-object distance is comparable to the focal length. In this case, the absolute transverse magnification factor ( m ) ( m = S 2 / S 1 {\displaystyle m=S_{2}/S_{1}} ) must be taken into account: