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In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol ) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure–volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure.
1.5 kW is the maximum legal power output of a US ham radio station. [12] 60 dBm: 1 kW = 1,000 W: Typical combined radiated RF power of microwave oven elements 55 dBm ~300 W: Typical single-channel RF output power of a K u band geostationary satellite: 50 dBm: 100 W: Typical total thermal radiation emitted by a human body, peak at 31.5 THz (9.5 μm)
Mathematically, the simplest kind of transverse wave is a plane linearly polarized sinusoidal one. "Plane" here means that the direction of propagation is unchanging and the same over the whole medium; "linearly polarized" means that the direction of displacement too is unchanging and the same over the whole medium; and the magnitude of the displacement is a sinusoidal function only of time ...
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f °) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).
However, several observations could not be explained by any wave model of electromagnetic radiation, leading to the idea that light-energy was packaged into quanta described by E = hν. Later experiments showed that these light-quanta also carry momentum and, thus, can be considered particles : The photon concept was born, leading to a deeper ...
The net capacity factor is the unitless ratio of actual electrical energy output over a given period of time to the theoretical maximum electrical energy output over that period. [1] The theoretical maximum energy output of a given installation is defined as that due to its continuous operation at full nameplate capacity over the relevant period.
Mechanical energy to power the aircraft's electrical and hydraulic systems can be taken from the turbine shaft, but thrust is produced by expelled exhaust gas. An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy .
Microturbines have around 15% efficiencies without a recuperator, 20 to 30% with one and they can reach 85% combined thermal-electrical efficiency in cogeneration. [2] The recuperated Niigata Power Systems 300 kW (400 hp) RGT3R thermal efficiency reaches 32.5% while the 360 kW (480 hp) non recuperated RGT3C is at 16.3%. [7]