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Main article: Human parasite Endoparasites Protozoan organisms Common name of organism or disease Latin name (sorted) Body parts affected Diagnostic specimen Prevalence Source/Transmission (Reservoir/Vector) Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and Acanthamoeba keratitis (eye infection) Acanthamoeba spp. eye, brain, skin culture worldwide contact lenses cleaned with contaminated tap water ...
Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes. They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed schistosomiasis , which is considered by the World Health Organization to be the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease (after malaria ), with hundreds ...
The parasites are transmitted through malaria infected mosquitos which inject sporozoites, the parasite's infective cells, into human hosts. When injected, sporozoites migrate to the liver where they replicate and rupture to increase the spread of the parasitic infection inside the host. [ 2 ]
Schistosoma haematobium (urinary blood fluke) is a species of digenetic trematode, belonging to a group (genus) of blood flukes (Schistosoma). It is found in Africa and the Middle East. It is the major agent of schistosomiasis, the most prevalent parasitic infection in humans. [1]
By the early 20th century, schistosomiasis' symptom of blood in the urine was seen as a male version of menstruation in Egypt and was thus viewed as a rite of passage for boys. [90] [91] Among human parasitic diseases, schistosomiasis ranks second behind malaria in socio-economic and public health importance in tropical and subtropical areas. [92]
Schistosoma mansoni is a water-borne parasite of humans, and belongs to the group of blood flukes (Schistosoma). The adult lives in the blood vessels (mesenteric veins) near the human intestine. It causes intestinal schistosomiasis (similar to S. japonicum, S. mekongi, S. guineensis, and S. intercalatum). Clinical symptoms are caused by the eggs.
Human red blood cell infected by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, showing a residual body with brown hemozoin. During its intraerythrocytic asexual reproduction cycle Plasmodium falciparum consumes up to 80% of the host cell hemoglobin. [8] [9] The digestion of hemoglobin releases monomeric α-hematin (ferriprotoporphyrin IX).
The life cycle of malaria parasites: Sporozoites are introduced by a mosquito bite. When they reach the liver, they multiply into thousands of merozoites. The merozoites infect red blood cells and replicate, infecting more and more red blood cells. Some parasites form gametocytes, which are taken up by a mosquito, continuing the life cycle.