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Historical marker installed by the National Historical Institute in Rizal Park to commemorate the martyrs.. The Thirteen Martyrs of Bagumbayan (Spanish: Trece mártires de Bagumbayan) were Filipino patriots in the Philippines who were executed by musketry on January 11, 1897, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution against Spain.
It was founded by José Rizal in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila on July 3, 1892. [1] [2] The organization derived from La Solidaridad and the Propaganda movement. [3] The purpose of La Liga Filipina was to build a new group that sought to involve the people directly in the reform movement. [4]
The Katipunan obtained overwhelming number of members and attracted the lowly classes. In June 1896, Bonifacio sent an emissary to Dapitan to obtain Rizal's support, but Rizal refused to participate in an armed revolution. On August 19, 1896, Katipunan was discovered by a Spanish friar, which resulted in the start of the Philippine Revolution.
Rizal's numerous skills and abilities was described by his German friend, Adolf Bernhard Meyer, as "stupendous." [note 5] Documented studies show Rizal to be a polymath with the ability to master various skills and subjects. [24] [26] [27] He was an ophthalmologist, sculptor, painter, educator, farmer, historian, playwright and journalist.
Teodoro Plata (1866 – February 6, 1897) was a Filipino patriot, and a co-founder of the Katipunan, the secret society which sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule in 1896. He met Andrés Bonifacio at a boarding house in Manila along with Ladislao Diwa who was then a law student at the University of Santo Tomas .
Delfina Rizal Herbosa de Natividad (December 20, 1879 – March 10, 1900) was a Filipino renowned for being one of the three women, together with Marcela Agoncillo and her daughter Lorenza, who seamed together the Philippine flag, [1] and for being the niece of the National Hero of the Philippines, José Rizal.
Deodato Arellano y de la Cruz (July 26, 1844 – October 7, 1899 [2]) was a Filipino propagandist and the first president of the Katipunan, which was founded at his home in Azcarraga Street (Claro M. Recto Avenue today), Manila. He was first to be given the title Supremo by the Katipunan.
Pío Valenzuela y Alejandrino (July 11, 1869 – April 6, 1956) was a Filipino physician and revolutionary leader. At the age of 22, he joined the society of Katipunan, a movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the Philippine Revolution.