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  2. Spreadsheet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheet

    Use of named column variables x & y in Microsoft Excel. Formula for y=x 2 resembles Fortran, and Name Manager shows the definitions of x & y. In most implementations, a cell, or group of cells in a column or row, can be "named" enabling the user to refer to those cells by a name rather than by a grid reference.

  3. Exchange matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_matrix

    An exchange matrix is the simplest anti-diagonal matrix.; Any matrix A satisfying the condition AJ = JA is said to be centrosymmetric.; Any matrix A satisfying the condition AJ = JA T is said to be persymmetric.

  4. Document-term matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document-term_matrix

    Certain function words such as and, the, at, a, etc., were placed in a "forbidden word list" table, and the frequency of these words was recorded in a separate listing... A special computer program, called the Descriptor Word Index Program, was written to provide this information and to prepare a document-term matrix in a form suitable for in ...

  5. Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel

    Use of a user-defined function sq(x) in Microsoft Excel. The named variables x & y are identified in the Name Manager. The function sq is introduced using the Visual Basic editor supplied with Excel. Subroutine in Excel calculates the square of named column variable x read from the spreadsheet, and writes it into the named column variable y.

  6. Database index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_index

    Indexes can be created using one or more columns of a database table, providing the basis for both rapid random lookups and efficient access of ordered records. An index is a copy of selected columns of data, from a table, that is designed to enable very efficient search.

  7. Transformation of text - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_of_text

    Unlike rotating text 180 degrees, the number of sideways characters falls far short of what would be needed for most purposes, and because text is rendered horizontally, it would be very difficult to render beyond one line of vertical text in a well-aligned manner without columns, especially in proportional fonts (furthermore, each character ...

  8. Transposition cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposition_cipher

    The Rail Fence cipher is a form of transposition cipher that gets its name from the way in which it is encoded. In the rail fence cipher, the plaintext is written downward and diagonally on successive "rails" of an imaginary fence, then moves up when it gets to the bottom.

  9. Typesetting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typesetting

    Computers excel at automatically typesetting and correcting documents. [7] Character-by-character, computer-aided phototypesetting was, in turn, rapidly rendered obsolete in the 1980s by fully digital systems employing a raster image processor to render an entire page to a single high-resolution digital image , now known as imagesetting.