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Many Native-American tribes practiced some form of slavery before the European introduction of African slavery into North America. [2] [3] The Haida and Tlingit peoples who lived along the southeastern Alaskan coast were traditionally known as fierce warriors and slave-traders, raiding as far as California.
Historian Alan Gallay estimates that from 1670 to 1715, English slave traders in Carolina sold between 24,000 and 51,000 Native Americans from what is now the southern part of the U.S. [74] Andrés Reséndez estimates that between 147,000 and 340,000 Native Americans were enslaved in North America, excluding Mexico. [75]
Historian Carter G. Woodson believed that relations with Native American tribes could have provided an escape hatch from slavery: Native American villages welcomed fugitive slaves and, in the antebellum years, some served as stations on the Underground Railroad. [15] Diana Fletcher (b. 1838), a Black Seminole who was adopted into the Kiowa ...
The 1863 Emancipation Proclamation only applied to States in rebellion, and did not legally affect slavery in Native American areas that fought for the Confederate States of America. Upon ratification of the 13th Amendment, slaves in the US were emancipated in 1865. [1] In practice, slavery continued in some Native American territories.
Slaves were traded across trans-continental trade networks in North America before European arrival. [1] Many of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, such as the Haida and Tlingit, were traditionally known as fierce warriors and slave-traders, raiding as far south as California.
The Indian Wars of the early 18th century, combined with the increasing importation of African slaves, effectively ended the Native American slave trade by 1750. Colonists found that Native American slaves could easily escape, as they knew the country. The wars cost the lives of numerous colonial slave traders and disrupted their early societies.
[14] [15] For this purpose, an American Indian or Alaska Native is defined as "A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintains a tribal affiliation or community attachment." However, self-reporting is permitted, "Educational Institutions and Other Recipients Should ...
The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America is a book about slavery among Native Americans and the European enslavement of Indigenous Americans. It was written by Andrés Reséndez and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in 2016.