Ad
related to: why is fluorine important to society today
Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Fluorine is a chemical element; it has symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen [note 1] and exists at standard conditions as pale yellow diatomic gas. Fluorine is extremely reactive as it reacts with all other elements except for the light inert gases. It is highly toxic.
Substituting a fluorine into a para position, however, protects the aromatic ring and prevents the epoxide from being produced. [13] Adding fluorine to biologically active organic compounds increases their lipophilicity (ability to dissolve in fats), because the carbon–fluorine bond is even more hydrophobic than the carbon–hydrogen bond.
fluorine: 9: 3a: Affects bone density in humans; creates fluoroapatite, which makes tooth enamel hard and relatively impervious to chemical action, compared to bone. [11] Improves growth in rats; has pharmacologic effects – helps to treat other deficiencies, e.g. of iron. Absence of fluorine has no clear adverse consequences in animals. [21]
Fluorapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 F) is mined along with other apatites for its phosphate content and is used mostly for production of fertilizers. Most of the Earth's fluorine is bound in this mineral, but because the percentage within the mineral is low (3.5%), the fluorine is discarded as waste.
Moissan's fluorine cell, from his 1887 publication. Fluorine is a relatively new element in human applications. In ancient times, only minor uses of fluorine-containing minerals existed. The industrial use of fluorite, fluorine's source mineral, was first described by early scientist Georgius Agricola in the 16th century, in the context of ...
Fluorine is an important element for biological systems. From a mammalian health perspective, it is notable as a component of fluorapatite , a key mineral in the teeth of humans that have been exposed to fluorine, as well as shark and fish teeth. [ 4 ]
The fluorine–fluorine bond of the difluorine molecule is relatively weak when compared to the bonds of heavier dihalogen molecules. The bond energy is significantly weaker than those of Cl 2 or Br 2 molecules and similar to the easily cleaved oxygen–oxygen bonds of peroxides or nitrogen–nitrogen bonds of hydrazines. [8]
Laboratory setup for fluorine reactions, University of Freiburg. Fluorine gas may be stored in steel cylinders where the inside surface is passivated by a metal fluoride layer that resists further attack. [35] [4] Passivated steel will withstand fluorine provided the temperature is kept below 200 °C (392 °F). Above that temperature, nickel is ...