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Spherical Earth or Earth's curvature refers to the approximation of the figure of the Earth to a sphere. The concept of a spherical Earth gradually displaced earlier beliefs in a flat Earth during classical antiquity and the Middle Ages .
In Aristotle's fully developed celestial model, the spherical Earth is at the centre of the universe and the planets are moved by either 47 or 55 interconnected spheres that form a unified planetary system, [19] whereas in the models of Eudoxus and Callippus each planet's individual set of spheres were not connected to those of the next planet ...
Throughout this treatise, Aristotle outlines two theories: The universe is spherical The Earth’s inner core is composed by the orbits of heavenly bodies; The universe has two regions; the celestial (region past the Moon’s orbit) and the terrestrial region-sphere (the Moon’s tendency to orbit around the Earth)
Islamic astronomy was developed on the basis of a spherical Earth inherited from Hellenistic astronomy. [34] The Islamic theoretical framework largely relied on the fundamental contributions of Aristotle and Ptolemy , both of whom worked from the premise that Earth was spherical and at the centre of the universe (geocentric model).
The Flat Earth model gave way to an understanding of a Spherical Earth. Aristotle (384–322 BC) provided observational arguments supporting the idea of a spherical Earth, namely that different stars are visible in different locations, travelers going south see southern constellations rise higher above the horizon, and the shadow of Earth on ...
Aristotle believed that the Moon was in the innermost sphere and therefore touches the realm of Earth, causing the dark spots and the ability to go through lunar phases. He further described his system by explaining the natural tendencies of the terrestrial elements: earth, water, fire, air, as well as celestial aether.
Plato and Aristotle helped to formulate the original theory of a sublunary sphere in antiquity, [4] [missing long citation] the idea usually going hand in hand with geocentrism and the concept of a spherical Earth. Avicenna carried forward into the Middle Ages the Aristotelian idea of generation and corruption being limited to the sublunary ...
However, other writings by Isidore make it clear that he considered the Earth to be spherical. [4] [5] Indeed, the spherical Earth had been the prevailing scholarly assumption since at least Aristotle, who had delineated a frigid clime at the poles, a torrid clime near the equator, and a habitable temperate clime in between.