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  2. Petrarch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrarch

    Santa Maria della Pieve in Arezzo La Casa del Petrarca (birthplace) at Vicolo dell'Orto, 28 in Arezzo. Francis Petrarch (/ ˈ p ɛ t r ɑːr k, ˈ p iː t-/; 20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Latin: Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Italian: Francesco Petrarca [franˈtʃesko peˈtrarka]), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance and one of the ...

  3. Dark Ages (historiography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Ages_(historiography)

    Petrarch was the first to give the metaphor secular meaning by reversing its application. He now saw classical antiquity , so long considered a 'dark' age for its lack of Christianity, in the 'light' of its cultural achievements, while Petrarch's own time, allegedly lacking such cultural achievements, was seen as the age of darkness.

  4. Historical method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_method

    Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past. Secondary sources, primary sources and material evidence such as that derived from archaeology may all be drawn on, and the historian's skill lies in identifying these sources, evaluating their relative authority, and combining their testimony appropriately in order ...

  5. Ascent of Mont Ventoux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascent_of_Mont_Ventoux

    This implicit claim of Petrarch and Burckhardt, that Petrarch was the first to climb a mountain for pleasure since antiquity, was disproven by Lynn Thorndike in 1943. [ 14 ] The Legitimacy of the Modern Age by Hans Blumenberg describes Petrarch's ascent of Ventoux as "one of the great moments that oscillate indecisively between the epochs ...

  6. Pasteur's quadrant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur's_quadrant

    Pasteur's quadrant is a classification of scientific research projects that seek fundamental understanding of scientific problems, while also having immediate use for society. Louis Pasteur 's research is thought to exemplify this type of method, which bridges the gap between " basic " and " applied " research. [ 1 ]

  7. Petrarch's and Shakespeare's sonnets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrarch's_and_Shakespeare...

    The sonnets of Petrarch and Shakespeare represent, in the history of this major poetic form, the two most significant developments in terms of technical consolidation—by renovating the inherited material—and artistic expressiveness—by covering a wide range of subjects in an equally wide range of tones. Both writers cemented the sonnet's ...

  8. Scientific method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method

    The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, not the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the primacy of ...

  9. Influence of Italian humanism on Chaucer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influence_of_Italian...

    They believe it plausible that Chaucer not only met Petrarch at this wedding but also Boccaccio. [7] [11] This view today, however, is far from universally accepted.William T. Rossiter, in his 2010 book on Chaucer and Petrarch argues that the key evidence supporting a visit to the continent in this year is a warrant permitting Chaucer to pass at Dover, dated 17 July.