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Pseudohyphae are distinguished from true hyphae by their method of growth, relative frailty and lack of cytoplasmic connection between the cells. Yeasts form pseudohyphae. [ 10 ] They are the result of a sort of incomplete budding where the cells elongate but remain attached after division.
Some yeast species have the ability to develop multicellular characteristics by forming strings of connected budding cells known as pseudohyphae or false hyphae, or quickly evolve into a multicellular cluster with specialised cell organelles function.
A blastoconidium (plural blastoconidia) is an asexual holoblastic conidia formed through the blowing out or budding process of a yeast cell, which is a type of asexual reproduction that results in a bud arising from a parent cell. [1] [2] The production of a blastoconidium can occur along a true hyphae, pseudohyphae, or a singular yeast cell. [3]
Candida albicans growing as yeast cells and filamentous (hypha) cells. A dimorphic fungus is a fungus that can exist in the form of both mold [1] and yeast.As this is usually brought about by a change in temperature, this fungus type is also described as a thermally dimorphic fungus. [2]
Brushing or biopsy of the plaques shows yeast and pseudohyphae by histology that are characteristic of Candida species. A severe case of candidiasis H&E stain of esophagus showing Candida hyphae within the lamina propria
Some species (e.g. Metschnikowia species) tend to form chains of budding cells that are termed pseudohyphae. [2] Yet other species are able to produce true septate hyphae. [4] Such species (e.g. Candida albicans) are termed dimorphic, which means they can propagate both as budding yeasts and as filamentous hyphae.
[49] [50] [51] The transition from yeast to hyphal cells is termed to be one of the key factors in the virulence of C. albicans; however, it is not deemed necessary. [52] When C. albicans cells are grown in a medium that mimics the physiological environment of a human host, they grow as filamentous cells (both true hyphae and pseudohyphae).
As blastoconidia increase in number they may elongate in shape producing structures called the pseudohyphae. [3] [4] Under specific conditions of reduced oxygen level in host tissues, submerged colonies in agar medium, or in the presence of 5-10% CO 2, true, septate hyphae may form. [10] [3]