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Desiccation can enhance the ripening of a crop. With sugarcane, for example, glyphosate application increases sucrose concentration before harvest. [9] With grains, for example, as a consequence of crop plant uniformity as noted above, grain ripeness can be made more uniform through the same process.
Glyphosate is also used for crop desiccation to increase harvest yield and uniformity. [57] Glyphosate itself is not a chemical desiccant; rather crop desiccants are so named because application just before harvest kills the crop plants so that the food crop dries from normal environmental conditions ("dry-down") more quickly and evenly.
The glyphosate-based herbicide RoundUp (styled: Roundup) was developed in the 1970s by Monsanto. Glyphosate was first registered for use in the U.S. in 1974. [4] Glyphosate-based herbicides were initially used in a similar way to paraquat and diquat, as non-selective herbicides. Attempts were made to apply them to row crops, but problems with ...
Glyphosate had been first prepared in the 1950s but its herbicidal activity was only recognized in the 1960s. It was marketed as Roundup in 1971. [17] The development of glyphosate-resistant crop plants, it is now used very extensively for selective weed control in growing crops.
Monsanto also produced seeds which grow into plants genetically engineered to be tolerant to glyphosate, which are known as Roundup Ready crops. The genes contained in these seeds are patented. Such crops allow farmers to use glyphosate as a post-emergence herbicide against most broadleaf and cereal weeds.
Plastoquinone is, in turn, a critical co-factor in the formation of carotenoids, which protect chlorophyll in plants from being destroyed by sunlight. [4] This class of herbicides represents one of the last discoveries of a new herbicide mode of action in the wave of discovery that ended in late 1990s. [3] [7]