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Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced surgical procedure using endoscopy to remove gastrointestinal tumors that have not entered the muscle layer. ESD may be done in the esophagus, stomach or colon. Application of endoscopic resection (ER) to gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms is limited to lesions with no risk of nodal metastasis.
Endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection are also highly effective methods for resection or large, non-malignant colorectal polyps and superficially (stage T1a) invasive colorectal cancers. The largest study of endoscopic mucosal resection by the Australian Consortium included 1000 cases and long term surveillance. [2]
Septoplasty (Latin: saeptum, "septum" + Ancient Greek: πλάσσειν, romanized: plassein, "to shape"), or alternatively submucous septal resection and septal reconstruction, [1] is a corrective surgical procedure done to straighten a deviated nasal septum – the nasal septum being the partition between the two nasal cavities. [2]
At an early stage, colorectal cancer may be removed during a colonoscopy using one of several techniques, including endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection. [5] Endoscopic resection is possible if there is a low possibility of lymph node metastasis and the size and location of the tumor make en bloc resection possible ...
Several endoscopic findings have been reported, including solitary ulcers, thickened gastric folds, mass lesions and nodules. As there may be infiltration of the submucosa, larger biopsy forceps, endoscopic ultrasound guided biopsy, endoscopic submucosal resection, or laparotomy may be required to obtain tissue.
Prior to resection, assessment of the polyp should include: polyp size, morphology, location, and accessibility. [3] If there are features that suggest of cancer is present in the polyp, then either endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgery should be considered. [3]
Endoscopic ear surgery; Endoscopic endonasal surgery; Endoscopic foreign body retrieval; Endoscopic laser cordectomy; Endoscopic mucosal resection; Endoscopic nasopharyngectomy; Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty; Endoscopic stenting; Endoscopic submucosal dissection; Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a similar technique pioneered in Japan, used to resect a large area of mucosa in one piece. [6] If the pathologic examination of the resected specimen shows incomplete resection or deep invasion by tumor, the patient would need a formal stomach resection.