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  2. C++ string handling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++_string_handling

    In modern standard C++, a string literal such as "hello" still denotes a NUL-terminated array of characters. [1] Using C++ classes to implement a string type offers several benefits of automated memory management and a reduced risk of out-of-bounds accesses, [2] and more intuitive syntax for string comparison and concatenation. Therefore, it ...

  3. Comparison of programming languages (string functions)

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    String functions are used in computer programming languages to manipulate a string or query information about a string (some do both).. Most programming languages that have a string datatype will have some string functions although there may be other low-level ways within each language to handle strings directly.

  4. While loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/While_loop

    Pascal has two forms of the while loop, while and repeat. While repeats one statement (unless enclosed in a begin-end block) as long as the condition is true. The repeat statement repetitively executes a block of one or more statements through an until statement and continues repeating unless the condition is false. The main difference between ...

  5. Shell (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)

    While simpler than the Multics shell, it contained some innovative features, which have been carried forward in modern shells, including the use of < and > for input and output redirection. The graphical shell first appeared in Douglas Engelbart ’s NLS system, demonstrated in December, 1968 at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in San ...

  6. Shell script - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script

    One example of this is Bash, which offers the same grammar and syntax as the Bourne shell, and which also provides a POSIX-compliant mode. [13] As such, most shell scripts written for the Bourne shell can be run in BASH, but the reverse may not be true since BASH has extensions which are not present in the Bourne shell.

  7. List of POSIX commands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_POSIX_commands

    Retrieve text string from messages object with plural form nice: Process management Mandatory Invoke a utility with an altered nice value Version 4 AT&T UNIX nl: Text processing Optional (XSI) Line numbering filter System III nm: C programming Optional (SD, XSI) Write the name list of an object file: Version 1 AT&T UNIX nohup: Process ...

  8. Comparison of programming languages (syntax) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    Like raw strings, there can be any number of equals signs between the square brackets, provided both the opening and closing tags have a matching number of equals signs; this allows nesting as long as nested block comments/raw strings use a different number of equals signs than their enclosing comment: --[[comment --[=[ nested comment ...

  9. Comparison of command shells - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_command_shells

    While not a security boundary (the command accessing a resource is blocked rather than the resource) this is nevertheless typically used to restrict users' actions before logging in. A restricted mode is part of the POSIX specification for shells, and most of the Linux/Unix shells support such a mode where several of the built-in commands are ...