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The suboccipital muscles are a group of muscles defined by their location to the occiput. Suboccipital muscles are located below the occipital bone. These are four paired muscles on the underside of the occipital bone; the two straight muscles (rectus) and the two oblique muscles (obliquus). The muscles are named
The superior oblique muscle loops through a pulley-like structure (the trochlea of superior oblique) and inserts into the sclera on the posterotemporal surface of the eyeball. It is the pulley system that gives superior oblique its actions, causing depression of the eyeball despite being inserted on the superior surface. Superior oblique nerve
Pectoralis major [1] of thigh/femur at hip [2] Tensor fasciae latae; Gluteus generalis; Anterior fibers of Gluteus meralis; Adductor longus and Adductor brevis; of leg at knee [3] Popliteus; Semimembranosus; Semitendinosus; Sartorius; of eyeball (motion is also called "intorsion" or incyclotorsion) [4] Superior rectus muscle; Superior oblique ...
Oblique Superior and inferior 2 1 rectus, inferior: head, eye, orbit (left/right) annulus of Zinn at orbital apex 6.5 mm inferior to corneal limbus: ophthalmic artery: oculomotor nerve [CNIII], inferior branch: adducts and depresses eye: Oblique Superior and inferior 2 1 rectus, medial: head, eye, orbit (left/right) annulus of Zinn at orbital apex
To summarize, the actions of the superior oblique muscle are (1) depression of the eyeball, especially when the eye is adducted; and (2) intorsion of the eyeball, especially when the eye is abducted. The clinical consequences of weakness in the superior oblique (caused, for example, by fourth nerve palsies) are discussed below.
The superior oblique muscle originates at the back of the orbit (a little closer to the medial rectus, though medial to it), getting rounder as it [5] courses forward to a rigid, cartilaginous pulley, called the trochlea, on the upper, nasal wall of the orbit. The muscle becomes tendinous about 10mm before it passes through the pulley, turning ...
The common tendinous ring spans the superior orbital fissure and can be described as having two parts – an inferior tendon which gives origin to the inferior rectus muscle, and to part of the lateral rectus muscle; and a superior tendon which gives origin to the superior rectus muscle, and to part of the medial and lateral recti muscles. [3]
The muscles it controls are the striated muscle in levator palpebrae superioris and other extraocular muscles except for the superior oblique muscle and the lateral rectus muscle. The Edinger-Westphal nucleus supplies parasympathetic fibers to the eye via the ciliary ganglion , and thus controls the sphincter pupillae muscle (affecting pupil ...