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A DPD scan is a type of nuclear medicine imaging test which uses radioactive technetium-99m (99m Tc) and 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) to diagnose cardiac amyloidosis. The radiopharmaceutical is taken up only in patients with ATTR amyloidosis , making it a useful tool to differentiate from AL amyloidosis .
Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) are abnormal differences seen in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease. ARIA is associated with anti-amyloid drugs, particularly human monoclonal antibodies such as aducanumab. [1] There are two types of ARIA: ARIA-E and ARIA-H.
Amyloid light chains deposition in shoulder joint causes enlarged shoulders, also known as "shoulder pad sign". [18] Amyloid light chain depositions can also cause bilateral symmetric polyarthritis. [18] The deposition of amyloid proteins in the bone marrow without causing plasma cell dyscrasias is called amyloidoma. It is commonly found in ...
Cardiac amyloidosis is a subcategory of amyloidosis where there is depositing of the protein amyloid in the cardiac muscle and surrounding tissues. Amyloid, a misfolded and insoluble protein, can become a deposit in the heart's atria, valves, or ventricles .
Amyloid is formed through the polymerization of hundreds to thousands of monomeric peptides or proteins into long fibers. Amyloid formation involves a lag phase (also called nucleation phase), an exponential phase (also called growth phase) and a plateau phase (also called saturation phase), as shown in the figure.
AL amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of abnormal antibody free light chains. The abnormal light chains are produced by monoclonal plasma cells, and, although AL amyloidosis can occur without diagnosis of another disorder, it is often associated with other plasma cell disorders, such as multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. [6]
It is contrasted to systemic amyloidosis, and it can be caused by several different types of amyloid. [1] In almost all of the organ-specific pathologies, there is debate as to whether the amyloid plaques are the causal agent of the disease or instead a downstream consequence of a common idiopathic agent. The associated proteins are indicated ...
Amyloid cardiomyopathy (stiff heart syndrome) [5] is a condition resulting in the death of part of the myocardium (heart muscle). It is associated with the systemic production and release of many amyloidogenic proteins , especially immunoglobulin light chain or transthyretin (TTR). [ 6 ]