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Serbo-Croatian (/ ˌ s ɜːr b oʊ k r oʊ ˈ eɪ ʃ ən / ⓘ SUR-boh-kroh-AY-shən) [10] [11] – also called Serbo-Croat (/ ˌ s ɜːr b oʊ ˈ k r oʊ æ t / SUR-boh-KROH-at), [10] [11] Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), [12] Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), [13] and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) [14] – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia ...
Areas where Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian were spoken by a plurality of speakers in 2006. Standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian are different national variants and official registers of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language. [1] [2]: 451 [3]: 430 [4] [5] [6]
Serbia includes the Bosnian language as an elective subject in primary schools. [51] Montenegro officially recognizes the Bosnian language: its 2007 Constitution specifically states that although Montenegrin is the official language, Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian are also in official use. [16] [52]
Standard Croatian is the official language of the Republic of Croatia [53] and, along with Standard Bosnian and Standard Serbian, one of three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. [2] It is also official in the regions of Burgenland (Austria), [ 54 ] Molise (Italy) [ 55 ] and Vojvodina (Serbia). [ 56 ]
Most words are common to other Slavic languages, though some derive from Turkish. The standardized languages may recognize slightly different pronunciations or dialectical forms; all terms are considered standard in all language standards, unless otherwise marked: [S] (Serbian), [C] (Croatian), [B] (Bosnian) and [M] (Montenegrin) below.
Serbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, [20] [21] a Slavic language (Indo-European), of the South Slavic subgroup. Other standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian are Bosnian, Croatian, and Montenegrin.
While Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian Shtokavian dialects have basically the same grammar, its usage is very diverse. While all three languages are relatively highly inflected, the further east one goes the more likely it is that analytic forms are used – if not spoken, at least in the written language. [citation needed] A very basic example is:
The Croatian, Serbian, and Bosnian standard variants, although all based on the East Herzegovinian subdialect of Neo-Shtokavian and mutually intelligible, do differ slightly, as is the case with other pluricentric languages (English, Spanish, German and Portuguese, among others), but not to a degree which would justify considering them as ...