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Acute Oral Toxicity 402: Acute Dermal Toxicity 403: Acute Inhalation Toxicity 404: Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion 405: Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion 406: Skin Sensitisation 407: Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents 408: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents 409: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Non ...
Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure [1] or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours). [ 2 ] To be described as acute toxicity, the adverse effects should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance.
Up-and-down procedure (or method) for toxicology tests in medicine is an alternative to the LD 50 test, in which animals are used for acute toxicity testing. [1] [2] It requires fewer animals to achieve similar accuracy as the LD 50 test because animals are dosed one at a time. [3]
Toxicity class refers to a classification system for pesticides that has been created by a national or international government-related or -sponsored organization. It addresses the acute toxicity of agents such as soil fumigants, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, nematicides, or rodenticides.
The Draize test is an acute toxicity test devised in 1944 by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toxicologists John H. Draize and Jacob M. Spines. Initially used for testing cosmetics, the procedure involves applying 0.5 mL or 0.5 g of a test substance to the eye or skin of a restrained, conscious animal, and then leaving it for a set amount of time before rinsing it out and recording its effects.
U.S. Army Public Health Center Toxicology Lab technician assessing samples. Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is the process of determining the degree to which a substance of interest negatively impacts the normal biological functions of an organism, given a certain exposure duration, route of exposure, and substance concentration.
Repeated dose toxicity (sub-acute or chronic toxicity) efficacy studies , which test whether experimental drugs work by inducing the appropriate illness in animals. The drug is then administered in a double-blind controlled trial , which allows researchers to determine the effect of the drug and the dose-response curve.
Regarding experiments on mice in particular, some researchers have complained that "years and billions of dollars have been wasted following false leads" as a result of a preoccupation with the use of these animals in studies. [15] Mice differ from humans in several immune properties: mice are more resistant to some toxins than humans; have a ...