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A cerebral vasodilator is a drug which acts as a vasodilator in the brain. [1] [2] They are used to improve blood flow in people with cerebrovascular insufficiency and to treat neurological disorders secondary to this condition. [2] A number of different cerebral vasodilators exist.
These drugs increase the permeability of the blood–brain barrier temporarily by increasing the osmotic pressure in the blood which loosens the tight junctions between the endothelial cells. By loosening the tight junctions normal injection of drugs through an [IV] can take place and be effective to enter the brain. [ 8 ]
Piracetam is thought to increase cell membrane permeability. [24] [25] Piracetam may exert its global effect on brain neurotransmission via modulation of ion channels (i.e., Na +, K +). [20] It has been found to increase oxygen consumption in the brain, apparently in connection to ATP metabolism, and increases the activity of adenylate kinase ...
Scientists observed that slow synchronized oscillations of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, along with cerebral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), combine during non-rapid eye movement sleep ...
Struggling, restlessness, and seizures can increase metabolic demands and oxygen consumption, as well as increasing blood pressure. [31] [36] Analgesia and sedation are used to reduce agitation and metabolic needs of the brain, but these medications may cause low blood pressure and other side effects. [10]
Inhaled nitric oxide appears to increase the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (P a O 2) by dilating pulmonary vessels in better-ventilated areas of the lung, moving pulmonary blood flow away from lung segments with low ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratios toward segments with normal or better ratios. [85]