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An example of a wire (V 3 Ga alloy) used in a superconducting magnet. Superconducting wires are electrical wires made of superconductive material. When cooled below their transition temperatures, they have zero electrical resistance.
The table below shows some of the parameters of common superconductors.X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and H C is a critical magnetic field in tesla.
In practice, currents injected in superconducting coils persisted for 28 years, 7 months, 27 days in a superconducting gravimeter in Belgium, from August 4, 1995 until March 31, 2024. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] In such instruments, the measurement is based on the monitoring of the levitation of a superconducting niobium sphere with a mass of four grams.
Niobium–titanium (Nb-Ti) is an alloy of niobium and titanium, used industrially as a type II superconductor wire for superconducting magnets, normally as Nb-Ti fibres in an aluminium or copper matrix. Its critical temperature is about 10 kelvins. [1]
d is the thickness of the sheet or diameter of the wire (m), f is the frequency (Hz), k is a constant equal to 1 for a thin sheet and 2 for a thin wire, ρ is the resistivity of the material (Ω m), and; D is the density of the material (kg/m 3).
For superconducting materials, RRR is calculated differently because ρ is always exactly 0 below the critical temperature, T c, which may be significantly above 0 K.In this case the RRR is calculated using the ρ from just above the superconducting transition temperature instead of at 0 K.
Most of the problems related to aluminum wire are typically associated with older (pre-1972) AA-1350 alloy solid aluminum wire, sometimes referred to as "old technology" aluminum wiring, as the properties of that wire result in significantly more expansion and contraction than copper wire or modern day AA-8000 series aluminum wire.
The abrupt drop in resistance is the superconducting transition. The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as temperature is lowered. In normal (that is, non-superconducting) conductors, such as copper or silver, this decrease is limited by impurities and other