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This chart illustrates the prisoner's dilemma, one of the most famous examples of game theory. Social dilemmas have attracted a great deal of interest in the social and behavioral sciences. Economists, biologists, psychologists, sociologists, and political scientists alike study behavior in social dilemmas.
The volunteer's dilemma is a game that models a situation in which each player can either make a small sacrifice that benefits everybody, or instead wait in hope of benefiting from someone else's sacrifice. One example is a scenario in which the electricity supply has failed for an entire neighborhood.
The Heinz dilemma is a frequently used example in many ethics and morality classes. One well-known version of the dilemma, used in Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, is stated as follows: [1] A woman was on her deathbed. There was one drug that the doctors said would save her.
The documentary uses a fictional dramatized narrative to illustrate the issues discussed, centering around "a middle-class, average American family" [2] whose members each interface with the internet differently: Ben, a teenage high school student who falls deeper into social media addiction and online radicalization; Isla, an adolescent who develops depression and low self-esteem from social ...
Manifest functions are the consequences that people see, observe or even expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action. The manifest function of a rain dance, according to Merton in his 1957 Social Theory and Social Structure, is to produce rain, and this outcome is intended and desired by people participating in the ritual.
Optional prisoner's dilemma: 2 3 1 No No No No Peace war game: N: variable >2 Yes No No No Pirate game: N: infinite [2] infinite [2] Yes Yes No No Platonia dilemma: N: 2 No Yes No No Princess and monster game: 2 infinite 0 No No Yes No Prisoner's dilemma: 2 2 1 No No No No Public goods: N: infinite 1 No No No No Rock, paper, scissors: 2 3 0 No No
Fairness dilemmas arise when groups are faced with making decisions about how to share their resources, rewards, or payoffs. Since resources are limited, groups need to decide on fair ways of apportioning them out to their members. These fairness judgments are determined by procedural and distributive forms of social justice.
For example, a tax deduction (private good) can be tied to a donation to a charity (public good). It can be shown that the provision of the public good increases when tied to the private good, as long as the private good is provided by a monopoly (otherwise the private good would be provided by competitors without the link to the public good).