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The Wason selection task (or four-card problem) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966. [1] [2] [3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [4] An example of the puzzle is: You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a color on the other.
Peter Wason was the grandson of Eugene Wason, [2] and the son of Eugene Monier and Kathleen (Woodhouse) Wason. [3] Wason married Marjorie Vera Salberg in 1951, and the couple had two children, Armorer and Sarah. [3] His uncle was Lieutenant General Sydney Rigby Wason. Peter Wason endured his schooling, which was marked by consistent failure. [2]
However, in Wason's rule discovery task the answer—three numbers in ascending order—is very broad, so positive tests are unlikely to yield informative answers. Klayman and Ha supported their analysis by citing an experiment that used the labels "DAX" and "MED" in place of "fits the rule" and "doesn't fit the rule".
An important bias is the matching bias, which is often illustrated using the Wason selection task. [5] [3] [41] [42] In an often-cited experiment by Peter Wason, 4 cards are presented to the participant. In one case, the visible sides show the symbols D, K, 3, and 7 on the different cards.
7 Wason selection task. 8 Emotion. 9 ... Download as PDF; ... The need for social intelligence surrounding theory of mind is a possible answer to the question as to ...
This requires a different selection answer, as the 8, brown, and red cards must be turned over to guarantee equivalence. It is an implication in the article text: "if a card shows an even number on one face, then its opposite face shows a primary colour" The subtlety of implication is much of the point of the Wason selection task.
The Wason selection task provides evidence for the matching bias. [15] The test is designed as a measure of a person's logical thinking ability. [50] Performance on the Wason Selection Task is sensitive to the content and context with which it is presented. If you introduce a negative component into the conditional statement of the Wason ...
Similar discrepancies have been observed by psychologists studying conditional reasoning, for instance, by the notorious Wason selection task study, where less than 10% of participants reasoned according to the material conditional. Some researchers have interpreted this result as a failure of the participants to conform to normative laws of ...