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A SYN flood is a form of denial-of-service attack on data communications in which an attacker rapidly initiates a connection to a server without finalizing the connection. The server has to spend resources waiting for half-opened connections, which can consume enough resources to make the system unresponsive to legitimate traffic.
Connectionless-mode Network Protocol (CLNP) is an OSI protocol deployment. CLNS is the service provided by the Connectionless-mode Network Protocol (CLNP). From August 1990 to April 1995 the NSFNET backbone supported CLNP in addition to TCP/IP. [5] However, CLNP usage remained low compared to TCP/IP.
Tom Liston developed the original tarpitting program LaBrea. [1] It can protect an entire network with a tarpit run on a single machine. The machine listens for Address Resolution Protocol requests that go unanswered (indicating unused addresses), then replies to those requests, receives the initial SYN packet of the scanner and sends a SYN/ACK in response.
SYN cookie is a technique used to resist SYN flood attacks. The technique's primary inventor Daniel J. Bernstein defines SYN cookies as "particular choices of initial TCP sequence numbers by TCP servers." In particular, the use of SYN cookies allows a server to avoid dropping connections when the SYN queue fills up.
In computer networking, TCP Fast Open (TFO) is an extension to speed up the opening of successive Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connections between two endpoints. It works by using a TFO cookie (a TCP option), which is a cryptographic cookie stored on the client and set upon the initial connection with the server. [ 1 ]
ECN allows end-to-end notification of network congestion without dropping packets. ECN is an optional feature that may be used between two ECN-enabled endpoints when the underlying network infrastructure also supports it. Conventionally, TCP/IP networks signal congestion by dropping packets.
XDP (eXpress Data Path) is an eBPF-based high-performance network data path used to send and receive network packets at high rates by bypassing most of the operating system networking stack. It is merged in the Linux kernel since version 4.8. [2] This implementation is licensed under GPL. Large technology firms including Amazon, Google and ...
In computer networking, xinetd (Extended Internet Service Daemon) is an open-source super-server daemon which runs on many Unix-like systems, and manages Internet-based connectivity. [3] It offers a more secure alternative to the older inetd ("the Internet daemon"), which most modern Linux distributions have deprecated. [4]